Influence of Load Condition, Tire Type, and Ambient Temperature on the Emission of Tire–Road Particulate Matter

This study focuses on particulate matter emissions from tire–road contact and their investigation using an internal drum test bench. The bench is equipped with real-road surfaces has been upgraded to enable real-time measurements of matter. It was found that the road surface changes during tests due constant rolling over, influencing level significantly. To account for this effect, micro roughness characterized before, during, after tests. Specific emission values consisting particle mass number were determined summer, all-season, winter tires different conditions, as well specific longitudinal lateral forces. turned out increase disproportionately load both force directions. tire led highest across all loads, summer lowest ones. While forces caused many times higher than tire, in directions comparable all-season tires. Regarding ambient temperature, a lower one seems be favorable Lastly, size distributions conditions show dependence load, such larger particles are emitted increasing load.